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[藥物] 【中藥系列7】一枝香

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    本帖最後由 eric955168 於 2025-2-27 00:01 編輯

    菊_一枝香 (1).JPG

    英文名:Little Ironweed

    學名:

    Vernonia cinerea(L.) Less.
    Conyza cinerea L.
    Vernonia cinerea(L.) Less. var. cinerea

    別名:

    夜香牛、傷寒草、大號一枝香、紅花一枝香、生肌香、生枝香、返魂香、枝香草、星拭草、染色草、寄色草、四眼草、天紅草、夜仔草、夜牽牛、香山虎、消山虎、四時春、假鹹蝦、假鹹蝦花、紫野菊、縮蓋斑鳩菊、拐棍參

    形態:

    1年生直立草本。單葉,互生。葉紙質,卵形或長卵形或長橢圓形,兩面被短柔毛;先端漸尖或銳尖;葉緣鈍鋸齒;羽狀脈。頭狀花序排成總狀或圓錐,腋生或假頂生。總苞筒狀綠色,被伏毛,總苞片內外3層,先端具芒尖,筒狀花,淺紫色,筒長約7mm,花徑約1.8mm。花萼特化成絲狀冠毛,花冠瓣淺紫色,先端5裂,裂片線狀披針形,雄蕊5枚,聚藥;花絲絲狀,白色,長約3.8mm;花藥2室縱裂。子房倒圓錐形,白色,高約1.4mm,徑約0.3mm,被毛,子房上位1室;花柱長約4.9m;柱頭2叉舌狀,熟紅深紫色突出雄蕊筒;胚珠1枚,卵球形,基生胎座。

    典籍記載之相關效用:

    一枝香的全草,味淡苦微甘性涼;全草有疏風散熱、拔毒消腫、安神鎮靜、消積化滯之效,主治感冒發熱、痢疾、疳積、跌打扭傷、蛇傷、乳癰、瘡癤腫毒等。《台灣藥用植物資源名錄468

    傷寒草《嶺南採藥錄》為夜香牛的全草或根,味苦辛性涼,有疏風清熱、除濕解毒、鎮靜安神、消積化滯之效。主治外感發熱、咳嗽、鼻炎、急性黃疸型肝炎、乳腺炎、濕熱腹瀉、痢疾、小兒驚風、小兒夜尿、白帶、疔瘡腫毒、毒蛇咬傷、跌打損傷等。《中華本草》

    藥理研究:

    抗關節炎作用1動物實驗發現一枝香花的乙醇提取物能逆轉大鼠佐劑致關節炎的主要病理變化。

    解熱、鎮痛、抗發炎作用26

    動物實驗證實一枝香葉的甲醇、氯仿、乙醚提取物具有鎮痛、解熱、消炎活性。甲醇提取物對酵母誘導大鼠發熱具有與對照藥撲熱息痛Paracetamol相當的降溫解熱作用。全草甲醇提取物對急慢性發炎反應有照藥phenylbutazone相當的改善作用。全草醇提取的抗氧化、神經保護和鈣離子通道抑制潛力,使得對長春新鹼致大鼠痛性神經病變和慢性縮窄性坐骨神經損傷致大鼠神經病理性疼痛具改善作用。

    抗菌作用79】:一枝香的苯提取實驗顯示有廣譜的抗菌活性。提取物影響銅綠假單胞菌細胞結構來抗菌。甲醇提取抑制白色念珠菌的生長。

    抗癌作用1015

    由一枝香莖部乙醇提取分離的vernolide ABKBDLD-1NCI-661Hela人類癌細胞具細胞毒活性。一枝香倍半萜內酯vernolide-A通過調節p53caspase-3的基因表達和調節NF-κB介導的bcl-2的活化,誘導B16F10黑色素瘤細胞的細胞凋亡。Vernolide-A能增強B16F10轉移性黑素瘤負載小鼠的免疫反應,抑制黑色素瘤轉移進程。機轉實驗證明一枝香可以通過調節基質金屬蛋白酶、血管內皮生長因子、脯氨醯羥化酶、賴氨醯氧化酶、ERK-1ERK-2TIMPsnm23和轉移性肺組織促炎細胞因子的基因表達,抑制黑色素細胞在小鼠的肺轉移浸潤。一枝香的8α-2'Z-tigloyloxy-hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate能抑制在膠質瘤U251MG細胞、乳癌MDA-MB-231細胞株異常STAT3的活性及抑制細胞株存活率。一枝香二氯甲烷部位能誘導HeLaA549MCF-7Caco-2等癌細胞的細胞凋亡,並抑制多藥阻抗MDR轉運而促進癌細胞的藥物吸收和敏感。

    抗瘧活性16

    一枝香醇提取的8α-tigloyloxy-hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate8α-4-hydroxymethacryloyloxy- hirsutinolide-13-O-acetatevernolides D對奎寧抗性W2惡性瘧原蟲有拮抗活性。

    保肝作用17動物實驗發現一枝香葉子粉末能改善四氯化碳誘導的大鼠肝功能障礙。

    抗氧化、抗發炎作用1819

    一枝香甲醇提取在角叉菜膠誘導腳水腫實驗動物上,具有清除自由基、提高抗氧化酶活性、下調一氧化氮和炎性細胞因子的作用。一枝香甲醇提取抑制LPS刺激巨噬細胞的促炎性細胞因子、iNOSCOX-2表達。

    戒菸作用2021

    補充一枝香和運動會改變主動吸煙者的氧化應激狀態和b-內啡肽釋放,可減少吸煙率。人類細胞色素P450 2A6CYP2A6和單胺氧化酶MAO-AMAO-B分別催化菸鹼和多巴胺代謝,是尼古丁依賴兩個治療靶點。一枝香分離黃酮類化合物與hirsutinolides,對CYP2A6MAOs有不同模式的抑制作用。

    提升化療作2223

    動物實驗發現一枝香提取物不影響化療藥物環磷醯胺cyclophosphamideCTX化療效果,但對CTX所引起的小鼠免疫抑制和氧化應激具改善作用。動物實驗發現一枝香甲醇提取物不影響放射治療功效,仍顯著提升動物的抗氧化和抗發炎狀態。

    免疫調節作用24一枝香和vernolide ABALB/c小鼠通過增強細胞因子IL-2IFN-γ的產生來調節細胞毒性T淋巴細胞、自然殺傷細胞、抗體依賴性細胞毒性和補體介導的細胞毒性。

    綜述25回顧一枝香具有抗炎、抗糖尿病藥、神經保護、抗癌、抗病毒、抗微生物等活性。

    化學成分研究:

    一枝香根部分離出3b-acetoxyurs-19-ene命名為lupeol acetate26

    莖部乙醇提取中分離鑒定出兩種新的倍半萜內酯vernolide AB10

    一枝香莖部分離到:

    vernolide C、D
    8α-tigloyloxy-hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    8α-epoxymethacryloyloxy- hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    8α-tigloyloxyhirsutinolide
    hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate,piptocarphin D
    8α-(4-hydroxymethacryloyloxy)-hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate27

    全草分離到:

    vernocinolide A
    8α-〔4-hydroxytigloyloxy〕-hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    8α-〔4-hydroxytigloyloxy〕-10-hydroxyhirsutinolide-13-O-acetate、
    8α-tigloyloxyhirsu tinolide
    8α-tigloyloxyhirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    vernolide A
    ernolide B
    8α-〔2- methylacryloyloxy〕-hirsutinolide
    8α-〔2- methylacryloyloxy〕-hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    8α-〔2- methylacryloyloxy〕-1b
    4b-epoxy-1α-methoxy-10bH-germacra-5E
    7(11)-dien-12
    6-olide
    4b-epoxy-1α-methoxy-13-O-acetate-10bH-germacra-5E......等倍半萜內酯28

    全草得到

    具神經生長因子誘導活性的

    (+)-lirioresinol B
    stigmasterol
    stigmasterol-3-O-b- D-glucoside
    4-sulfo-benzocyclobutene


    (-)-clovane-2
    9-diol
    caryolane-1
    9b-diol
    apigenin
    chrysoeriol
    luteolin
    thermopsoside
    luteolin-7-O-b-D-glucoside
    quercetin
    apigenin-4'-O-b-D-glucoside
    hyperin
    b-amyrin aceate
    lupeol acetate29

    葉部甲醇提取含有

    gallic acid
    rutin
    quercetin
    caffeic acidferulic acid30

    花的正己烷提取含有

    8α-hydroxyhirsutinolide
    8α-hydroxyl-1-O-methylhirsutinolide
    8α-tigloyloxy hirsutinolide
    8α-tigloyloxyhirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    8α-(2-methylacryloyloxy)- hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    8α-(2-methylacryloyloxy)-1α-methoxyhirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    vernolide A、B
    hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate

    莖葉含有:

    8α-(2’Z-tigloyloxy)-hirsutinolide
    8α-(2’Z-tigloyloxy)-hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    8α-(4-hydroxytigloyl oxy)-hirsutinolide
    8α-hydroxy-13-O-tigloyl-hirsutinolide
    8α-(2-methylacryloyloxy)- hirsutinolide
    8α-tigloyloxyhirsutinolide
    8α-tigloyloxyhirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    8α-(2-methylacryloyloxy)-hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate
    vernolideA、B
    8α-hydroxy hirsutinolide
    loliolideisololiolide
    3R)-3-hydroxy-ionone
    apigenine
    9Z12S13S- dihydroxy-9-octadecanoic acid3132

    一枝香根部揮發油主要是倍半萜烴,含有

    α-muurolene
    b-caryophyllene
    α-selinene
    cyperene
    α-gurjunene等成分33

    參考文獻:

    1.Latha,R. M., Geetha, T. and Varalakshmi, P. (1998) Effect of Vernonia cinerea Less flower extract in adjuvant-induced arthritis, Gen. Pharmacol., 31 (4)601-6

    2.Gupta, M., Mazumder, U. K., Manikandan, L., Bhattacharya, S., Haldar, P. K. and Roy,S. (2003) Evaluation of antipyretic potential of Vernonia cinerea extractin rats, Phytother. Res., 17 (7)804-6

    3.Iwalewa,E. O., Iwalewa, O. J. and Adeboye, J. O. (2003) Analgesic, antipyretic,anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform and ether extracts of Vernonia cinerea less leaf, J. Ethnopharmacol., 86 (2〜3)229-34

    4.Mazumder,U. K., Gupta, M., Manikandan, L., Bhattacharya, S., Haldar, P. K. and Roy, S. (2003)Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Vernonia cinerea Less. extractin rats, Phytomedicine, 10 (2〜3)185-8

    5.Thiagarajan,V. R., Shanmugam, P., Krishnan, U. M. and Muthuraman, A. (2014)Ameliorative effect of Vernonia cinerea in vincristine-inducedpainful neuropathy in rats, Toxicol. Ind. Health, 30 (9)794805

    6.Thiagarajan,V. R., Shanmugam, P., Krishnan, U. M. and Muthuraman, A. (2014) Ameliorativepotential of Vernonia cinerea on chronic constriction injury ofsciatic nerve induced neuropathic pain in rats, An. Acad. Bras. Cienc.,86 (3)1435-50

    7.Gupta,M., Mazumder, U. K., Manikandan, L., Haldar, P. K., Bhattacharya, S. andKandar, C. C. (2003) Antibacterial activity of Vernonia cinerea, Fitoterapia,74 (1〜2)148-50

    8.Latha,L. Y., Darah, I., Kassim, M. J. and Sasidharan, S. (2010)Antibacterial activity and morphological changes of Pseudomonas aeruginosacells after exposure to Vernonia cinerea extract, Ultrastruct. Pathol., 34 (4)219-25

    9.Latha,L. Y., Darah, I., Jain, K. and Sasidharan, S. (2011) Effects of Vernonia cinerea less methanol extract on growth and morphogenesis of Candidaalbicans, Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 15 (5)543-9

    10.Kuo,Y. H., Kuo, Y. J., Yu, A. S., Wu, M. D., Ong, C. W., Yang Kuo, L. M., Huang, J.T., Chen, C. F. and Li, S. Y. (2003) Two novel sesquiterpene lactones,cytotoxic vernolide-A and -B, from Vernonia cinerea, Chem. Pharm. Bull.(Tokyo), 51 (4)425-6

    11.Pratheeshkumar,P. and Kuttan, G. (2011) Vernolide-A, a sesquiterpene lactonefrom Vernonia cinerea, induces apoptosis in B16F-10 melanomacells by modulating p53 and caspase-3 gene expressions and regulatingNF-κB-mediated bcl-2 activation,Drug Chem. Toxicol., 34 (3)261-70

    12.Pratheeshkumar,P. and Kuttan, G. (2011) Effect of vernolide-A, a sesquiterpenelactone from Vernonia cinerea L., on cell-mediated immuneresponse in B16F-10 metastatic melanoma-bearing mice, Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 33 (3)5338

    13.Pratheeshkumar,P. and Kuttan, G. (2011) Vernonia cinerea Less. inhibits tumor cell invasion andpulmonary metastasis in C57BL/6 mice, Integr Cancer Ther., 10 (2)178-91

    14.AppadathBeeran, A., Maliyakkal, N., Rao, C. M. and Udupa, N. (2014) Theenriched fraction of Vernonia cinerea L. induces apoptosis andinhibits multi-drug resistance transporters in human epithelial cancer cells, J. Ethnopharmacol., 158 Pt A3342

    15.Youn,U. J., Miklossy, G., Chai, X., Wongwiwatthananukit, S., Toyama, O., Songsak,T., Turkson, J. and Chang, L. C. (2014) Bioactive sesquiterpene lactones andother compounds isolated from Vernonia cinerea, Fitoterapia, 93194200

    16.Chea,A., Hout, S., Long, C., Marcourt, L., Faure, R., Azas, N. and Elias, R. 2006Antimalarialactivity of sesquiterpene lactones from Vernonia cinerea, Chem. Pharm. Bull.Tokyo, 54 (10)1437-9

    17.Gokilaveni,C., Nishadh, A. and Selvi, V. (2006) Ameliorative role of Vernonia cinerea in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic dysfunction in rats, Anc. Sci. Life., 25 (3〜4)15

    18.Kumar,P. P. and Kuttan, G. (2009) Vernonia cinerea L. scavenges free radicals and regulatesnitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines profile in carrageenan induced pawedema model, Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 31 (1)94102

    19.Pratheeshkumar,P. and Kuttan, G. (2011) Modulation of immune response by Vernonia cinerea L. inhibits the proinflammatory cytokine profile, iNOS, andCOX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages, Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 33 (1)7383

    20.Leelarungrayub,D., Pratanaphon, S., Pothongsunun, P., Sriboonreung, T., Yankai, A. andBloomer, R. J. (2010)Vernonia cinerea Less. supplementation and strenuous exercise reduce smoking raterelationto oxidative stress status and b-endorphin release in active smokers, J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr., 721

    21.Prasopthum,A., Pouyfung, P., Sarapusit, S., Srisook, E. and Rongnoparut, P. (2015) Inhibitioneffects of Vernonia cinerea active compounds against cytochrome P450 2A6 and human monoamine oxidases, possible targets for reduction oftobacco dependence, Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 30 (2)174-81

    22.Pratheeshkumar,P. and Kuttan, G. 2010Ameliorative action of Vernonia cinerea L. on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and oxidativestress in mice, Inflammopharmacology, 18 4197207

    23.Pratheeshkumar,P. and Kuttan, G. (2011) Protective role of Vernonia cinerea L. against γ radiation--induced immunosupression and oxidativestress in mice, Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 30 (8)1022-38

    24.Pratheeshkumar,P. and Kuttan, G. (2012) Modulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte,natural killer cell, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, andantibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity by Vernonia cinerea L.and vernolide-A in BALB/c mice via enhanced production of cytokines IL-2and IFN-γ, Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 34 (1)4655

    25.Dogra,N. K. and Kumar, S. (2015) A review on ethno-medicinal uses andpharmacology of Vernonia cinerea Less, Nat. Prod. Res., 29 (12)1102-17

    26.Misra,T. N., Singh, R. S., Srivastava, R., Pandey, H. S., Prasad, C. and Singh, S. (1993) A NewTriterpenoidal from Vernonia cinerea, Planta Med., 59 (5)458-60

    27.Chea,A., Hout, S., Long, C., Marcourt, L., Faure, R., Azas, N. and Elias, R. (2006) Antimalarialactivity of sesquiterpene lactones from Vernonia cinerea, Chem.Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 54 (10)1437-9

    28.Chen,X., Zhan, Z. J. and Yue, J. M. (2006) Sesquiterpenoids fromVernoniacinerea, Nat. Prod. Res., 20 (2)125-9

    29.Zhu,H. X., Tang, Y. P., Pan, L. M. and Min, Z. D. (2008) Studies on bioactiveconstituents of whole herbs of Vernonia cinerea, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 33 (16)1986-8Zhu, H., Tang, Y., Min,Z. and Gong, Z. (2009) Bioactiveconstituents from whole herbs of Vernonia cinerea (II), Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 34 (21)276-7

    30.Rajamurugan,R., Selvaganabathy, N., Kumaravel, S., Ramamurthy, Ch, Sujatha, V., SureshKumar, M. and Thirunavukkarasu, C. 2011 Identification, quantification ofbioactive constituents, evaluation of antioxidant and in vivo acute toxicityproperty from the methanol extract of Vernonia cinerea leafextract, Pharm. Biol., 49 121311-20

    31.Youn,U. J., Park, E. J., Kondratyuk, T. P., Simmons, C. J., Borris, R. P., Tanamatayarat,P., Wongwiwatthananukit, S., Toyama, O., Songsak, T., Pezzuto, J. M. and Chang,L. C. (2012) Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactones from the flower of Vernonia cinerea, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 22 (17)5559-62

    32.Youn,U. J., Miklossy, G., Chai, X., Wongwiwatthananukit, S., Toyama, O., Songsak,T., Turkson, J. and Chang, L. C. (2014) Bioactive sesquiterpene lactones andother compounds isolated from Vernonia cinerea, Fitoterapia, 93194200

    33.Joshi, R. K. (2015) GC/MS analysis of the essential oil of Vernonia cinerea, Nat. Prod. Commun., 10 (7)1319-20

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    發表於 2025-2-26 20:22:51 | 顯示全部樓層
    一枝香是常見的野草

    很多的野草花即使有藥效
    也因為會藥草的人越來越少
    都只成為普通的路邊草了

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